Introduction
Olfactory carcinoma is a recently described malignancy that poses significant diagnostic challenges. Accurate histopathological analysis is essential to distinguish it from other sinonasal tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Case report
We present the case of a patient who reported a three-month history of left-sided nasal obstruction, hyposmia, and epistaxis. Nasal endoscopy and imaging (CT and MRI) revealed a polypoid, angiomatous mass originating from the left olfactory recess. Staging studies showed no evidence of metastasis or secondary lesions. The patient underwent surgical resection with clear microscopic margins. After one year of follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence or residual disease.
Discussion
Due to its recent classification, the natural history and optimal treatment approach for olfactory carcinoma remain unclear. Management decisions should be made by multidisciplinary head and neck oncology teams. Current treatment strategies are modeled after those used for similar tumors, such as olfactory neuroblastoma and small- or large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Combined treatment with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy appears more effective than monotherapy.
Conclusion
Therapeutic consensus is urgently needed for this newly recognized malignancy to guide effective clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.