In health education, the use of real data to understand the health situation of the population enables the transfer of knowledge and reveals the local reality and the spread of diseases. The aim of this study was to describe the major sources of secondary data in healthcare and develop a framework for using these data in teaching. A narrative literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and the Virtual Health Library using descriptors related to teaching, secondary data, and health in Portuguese, English and Spanish. In addition, through the meeting of experts and based on the articles found in the review, a unified framework of these data in teaching is created. A total of 79 studies were found, of which 14 were included after meeting the eligibility criteria. The main databases found were from the Ministry of Education, the SUS Department of Information Technology, and other sources (Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation and Institute of Applied Economic Research) which were included after a meeting with experts. The developed framework consists of three phases and 11 elements, including planning, searching, and extracting data, adapting for teaching, and incorporating data for health teaching. There are a few data sources that can be used for health education, but those proposed are used in this framework, and it is possible to transform the data into knowledge that can be transferred to teaching, considering teachers’ knowledge of indicators. Technologies and innovations are considered in teaching.