The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and also represents an important public health issue in men. This review synthesizes current evidence on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and preventive strategies for HPV in men, highlighting key differences compared to females. Prevalence remains high throughout adult life, and the penile shaft is the anatomical site with the highest viral load. HPV is implicated in a significant proportion of penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, with genotype 16 being the most prevalent. Limited seroconversion and the absence of screening protocols hinder early detection in men, especially in vulnerable populations such as men who have sex with men and immunocompromised individuals. Male vaccination has demonstrated efficacy in reducing infections and associated neoplasms, although its coverage remains uneven. The essential role of the dermatologist in the comprehensive management of HPV in men is highlighted, from education and prevention to diagnosis and treatment, as well as the need for public health policies that promote gender equity in access to vaccination.
